At the same time, information on the thermal stability of PAM and of smectite-PAM composites are available. In contrast simultaneous thermal analysis can be applied to determine the effective PAM content in smectite-PAM composites. Clay-polymer or smectite-PAM composites are usually characterized quantitatively by their adsorption isotherms, which were used to determine the maximum amount of PAM that can be adsorbed on inner and outer surfaces of smectites. by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Characterization of the composites occurred qualitatively e.g. The thermal decomposition of PAM S,τ40Cl, PAM° S and NaPAM S,τ40 under SynA occurred via pyrolysis and oxidation reactions.Ī large number of publications exist on the preparation of clay-polymer or smectite-polyacrylamide (PAM) composites ( Denoyel et al., 1990 Deng et al., 2006 Haase and Schanz, 2016). Stoichiometric calculations showed that PAM S,τ40Cl and PAM° S decomposed completely, while NaPAM S,τ40 decomposed only partially and the Na present for charge balancing remained in the form of Na 2O. The gas release differed between the three polymers. MS data indicated the release of NH 3, CH 4 and NO together with H 2O, CO 2 and NO 2 during decomposition. The object of this study was to investigate the thermal decomposition of cationic (PAM S,τ40Cl), nonionic (PAM° S), and anionic (NaPAM S,τ40) polyacrylamide under synthetic air (SynA) in detail using a thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC) system connected to a quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS).
The characterization of their thermal behavior and decomposition was carried out mainly under reduced conditions by using N 2, He or Ar gas flow. Polyacrylamide (PAM) and its derivatives are the most commercially available water-soluble polymers and are frequently used for the production of clay-polymer composites.
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